對于無追索權保理的會計處理,企業一般通過應收賬款、營業外支出、應交稅費等科目來核算,相關的賬務處理該怎么做?
無追索權保理的會計分錄
1、轉讓時:
借:銀行存款(實際收到的款項)
營業外支出
其他應收款(預計將發生的銷售折扣和折讓)
壞賬準備(保理業務中應收債權已經提取的壞賬準備)
財務費用(支付的保理手續費)
貸:應收賬款
2、營業外收入實際發生銷售的退回和折讓
借:主營業務收入
財務費用
應交稅費——應交增值稅(銷項稅額)
貸:其他應收款
如何理解無追索權?
無追索權一般是說企業將應收賬款進行了買斷,企業應將所出售的應收債權予以轉銷,結轉計提的相關壞賬準備,確認預計可能發生的銷售退回、銷售折扣、現金折扣等,確認開展保理的損益。
什么是財務費用?
財務費用是指企業為籌集生產經營所需資金等而發生的費用,具體包括利息凈支出(利息支出減利息收入后的差額)、匯兌凈損失(匯兌損失減匯兌收益的差額)、金融機構手續費以及籌集生產經營資金發生的其他費用等。企業發生的財務費用在“財務費用”科目中核算,該科目屬于損益類一級科目,企業應按費用項目進行明細賬的設置。
什么是應交稅費?
應交稅費包括有企業依法交納的增值稅、消費稅、企業所得稅、土地增值稅、城市維護建設稅、房產稅、土地使用稅、車船稅、教育費附加等稅費,以及在上繳國家之前,由企業代收代繳的個人所得稅等。
無追索權保理,指保理商憑債權轉讓向供應商融通資金后,即放棄對供應商追索的權力,保理商獨自承擔買方拒絕付款或無力付款的風險。那么其對應的會計分錄要怎么做?
無追索權保理計入什么科目?
企業在簽訂了保理合同,出售應收債權時,首先應當將按協議規定計算并實際收到的款項計入“銀行存款”等賬戶,將支付的手續費計入“財務費用”,并把預計將發生的銷售退回、折讓、現金折扣款先計入“其他應收款”賬戶,同時,為區別于其他業務中產生的其他應收款,保理業務中產生的其他應收款還應單獨設置明細科目。
其次還應對壞賬準備分為兩種情況處理:(1)如果企業針對某項債權已計提了壞賬準備(例如該債權發生當期并未出售,下期才出售,而按照會計制度要求企業要在會計期末計提壞賬準備),則出售該債權時應同時沖減原已計提的壞賬準備。(2)如果企業未計提壞賬準備(例如當期發生的債權當期出售),則不需要沖減壞賬準備。
無追索權保理的賬務處理
借:銀行存款(實際從保理商處收到的款項)
財務費用(向保理商支付的手續費等)
其他應收款(企業預計將發生的銷售退回、折讓、現金折扣款)
壞賬準備(原已計提的壞賬準備金額)
貸:應收賬款(所售出債權的賬面余額)
無追索權保理是什么?
無追索權保理是指保理商根據供應商所提供的債務人核淮信用額度,在信用額度內承購供應商對該債務人的應收賬款并提供壞賬擔保責任,在保理商因發生債務人信用風險(即債務人情償能力不足或破產等情形而無法收回應收賬款時),不能再向供應商追索已發放的融資款,或在未發放融資款時,對于額度內的應收賬款仍在到期后一定期間內未收回時應向供應商做出擔保付款。
What management and leadership skills do the most successful Senior Executives possess?What are the qualities and characteristics of the ideal finance leader?Recently,CFO Research Services,in collaboration with Tatum,surveyed 250 senior finance executives at North American companies on the non-technical business management and leadership skills that finance executives not only under pressure to manage financial compliance,processes,and controls in an environment of intense regulatory scrutiny,but also need to meet the demands of an expanded business mandate.
Indisputably,broad management training will help senior executives manage and support the business,however they also seek training on industry and competitive dynamics,business management,and the skills often labeled as‘soft skills’-collaboration,negotiation,and communication.
This training will offer practical guidance to Senior Executives on how to consolidate and promote their financial leadership by adopting the advanced leadership outcome model and the applicable financial signatures,as well as explore on how performance management and decision making are being embraced throughout companies and in diverse business categories.Through presentations from leading thought leader and cutting-edge case studies,this training will highlight the extensive reach of the achievement of enterprise’s valuation goals.
A Revolutionary new approach to Executive assessment with a full suite of evaluation instruments
Increasing the valuation of the enterprise by choosing the right alignment process to best achieve the enterprise’s valuation goals
Enabling your top executives to understand the potential of their own financial profile to improve the enterprise’profitability and valuation and align their operational mission to the enterprise valuation goals.
Understanding how to identify,select,and retain executives with a winning financial signature
Strengthening enterprise Human Resource processes by implementing the correct HR processes for achieving the targeted level of profitability
Turning analytics into action for gaining the ability to change course in volatile circumstances as well as a true competitive advantage
Taking a methodical approach to improving decision making to boost revenue,shareholder return,and return on invested capital
C-level including CEO,CFO,COO,CMO,Chief Human Resources Officer,Chief Learning Officer
Line executives and managers including Vice-Presidents,P&L managers,General Managers
Training and development executives,including leadership development managers
Human resource executives including HR heads,recruitment,succession planning executives
Chapter 1 | Chapter 2 |
-The Leadership Outcome Model -Identifying and Measuring Financial Style and Personality -The components of Financial Style and Personality -Work group 1:Buying Mission Exercise -Financial Signatures and Missions -The Nine Financial Signatures -How Financial Signature is impacted by Corporate Strategy -Work group 2:Team Financial Style Simulation -Are there Good and Bad Financial Signatures? -Financial Signature and Executive Performance -Strategy and Innovation -Operations -Sales -Quality -Customer Service -Valuation and Financial Mission -Defining the Financial Mission of an Executive -Why Financial Signature and Mission Differ -The Components of Financial Mission -Alignment of Financial Mission with Team,Business Unit and Company Financial Missions -Work group 3:Company Financial Style and Valuation Simulation | -Maximizing Your Financial Performance -Turing Analytics into Action -Four Dimensions of Decision Making and Execution -Five Step Process for improving decision effectiveness -Financial Mission and Business Strategy -Work group 4:Valuation Impact of the CEO Exercise -Macroeconomic and Microeconomic Impacts of Financial Signature -Company Evolution -Capital Intensity -Market Evolution -Competitive Dynamics -Market Capitalization and Valuation -Work group 5:Competitive Simulation -Improving Leadership Outcome -Leadership Outcome Type and Financial Mission -Financial Mission and Career Success -Financial Mission and Leadership Agility -Changing Financial Mission -Work group 6:Leadership Outcome Simulation -Case Study–Financial Mission and Outcome -Work group 7:Coaching Simulation -Conclusions in Financial Leadership |
想了解最新詳細課程大綱及資料,點擊網頁左側的在線咨詢圖標,與在線老師交流咨詢領取。
Worldwide famous‘Toyota pioneered lean practices’crashed and burned in early 2010,which changed the fate of the world top one automobile manufacturer and also rang the alarm bell to all the finance and operation executives that how to avoid Toyota tragedy while implementing lean finance into production.
As the lean approach percolates into ever wider circles of operations,it ceases to be about best practice and starts to become a part of the fabric of doing business.The important thing,in the heat of competition,will be how well companies implement them and averse the follow-up risks,which caused by the diversity of cultures,infrastructures and environments.
This training aims to look at wider ranging operational excellence programs and the methods of successful implementation.It is also more about building the energy and engagement of employees from the shop floor and the office pool upward,tapping into their ideas,focusing them on constant problem solving,and keeping them open to change and flexibility.
Learning how companies like Boeing,Parker Hannifin,Siemens,Messier Dowty and hosts of smaller firms are revolutionizing accounting,control and measurement processes
The first systematic lean program about the specifics of adapting financial systems to better serve lean operations by the world leading lean authority
Providing accurate,timely and understandable information to motivate the lean transformation throughout the organization,and for decision-making leading to increased customer value,growth,profitability,and cash flow
Using lean methods to eliminate waste from the accounting processes while maintaining thorough financial control
Supporting the lean culture by motivating investment in people,providing information that is relevant and actionable,and empowers continuous improvement at very level of the organization
Developing action plans for implementing Lean Accounting methods in participating companies considering the existing defense industry structural barriers
Learning the approach of how to design and measure work to achieve business objectives to implement your lean system design
Helping the design of a radically new way of the processes and savagely eliminating wastes from it
Putting performance measurement on a different level
Reducing customer wait times and creating value to them by kinds of tools
Executive Leaders,Financial Professionals,Lean Specialists
Financial Directors,Financial Managers,Accountants
Senior Managers in Operations,Product,Procurement,Sales,and Marketing,etc.
Highly recommending to bring a small group or team to the workshop to maximize the benefits
Lean Introduction
Five Principles of Lean Thinking
New lean methods of accounting,control&measurement
Box Score
The Structure of Box Score
Box Score implementing in lean accounting to prioritize the lean improvement projects
Value Stream Management
The importance and helpfulness of value streams
A standard method for determining the value stream flows
Flows implementing for developing the best value stream organization
Group Work:Design a value stream structure for a company making values and manifolds
Lean Performance Measurements
Lean measurements‘Starter Set’
‘Lean Performance Measurement Linkage Chart’
Changing‘command&control’management style to a lean management style
Value Stream Accounting
Value streams as the primary cost objects
Collecting information of summary,direct value stream revenue and cost
Creating a‘Plain English’income statement
Exercise
Value Steam Capacity
Value steam map
Capacity model
Value stream capacity usage and analysis
Exercise
Decision Making
Box Score decision-making templates
Effective decision making
Exercise
Transaction Elimination
Identifying and eliminating the wasteful transactions
Transaction Elimination Maturity Path Matrix
Lean Accounting‘Footprint’Chart–current&future state
Documenting the changes
Exercise
Box Score in an Administrative Process
Box Score for monitoring and improving the process
Radical improvement in an account payable process
Implementation of Basic Lean Accounting
Approach to the implementation of basic lean accounting
想了解最新詳細課程大綱及資料,點擊網頁左側的在線咨詢圖標,與在線老師交流。
Accenture research shows that more than 70%business results will be influenced by outstanding finance function.Any enterprise doesn’t achieve the finance function transforming will definitely be threatened in nowadays fierce competition for lacking of decision support.As qualified finance executives,we should simplify the underlying business process,increase the time of decision-making support.Worldwide top companies have seized the opportunity to transform the finance function to achieve more effective financial work,then how about you?
This course invites Dr.Alan Parkinson,the well-known professor of University College London,to be the honorable lecturer on presenting the impacts of the changing world on finance function,and raising the response of finance function to the external influences.Alan will also guide the finance executives to utilize‘DMAIC Principle’(Define,Measure,Analyze,Improve,and Control)for optimizing company’s finance process.This course will help companies create values from customers’perspective and implement effective financial reform for enhancing competitive advantages.
?Knowing current worldwide changes and their major influence on finance function
?Understanding the finance function solutions for coping the changes and the development tendency of finance accounting
?Learning‘DMAIC Principle’for optimizing the finance process
?Strengthening data mining and acknowledgement
?Building partnership between finance and management level
?Enhancing value creation from customers’perspective
CFO
Finance Director
Chief Accountant
Finance Manager
Finance/Accounting Personnel
Day 1 |
-The implications of a changing world for the Finance function -Tasks of Accountants -Changes in The Organisational World -Manual Workers vs Knowledge Workers -The Impact on the World of Accountants Finance in the Future -The Shift in Focus within Finance -Better Performance Through Better Finance Support -Finance and IT Interfaces -Changing Information Demands Improve the Finance process:Inputs into Outputs -‘Business Partners’ -‘Lean’methodology -Undesirable effects(UDE’s) -Force field analysis Balanced scorecards -BSC KPIs -BSC Mechanisms -Practical Application -Advice For Successful Implementation -The Efficiency/Effectiveness Matrix Key performance indicators -Measuring Efficiency,Effectiveness,Economy -The 3Es&VFM -Holistic Measures -The Efficiency/Effectiveness Matrix |
Day 2 |
USING BUDGETS TO MANAGE AND PLAN:Beyond Conventional Budgeting -STRATEGIC CORPORATE PLAN -Budget Relationships(based on commercial business) -Traditional Budgeting -Playing Games with the Budget -The Hockey Stick -Influencing behaviorthrough responsibility accounting -The Utility of Budgets From‘Old’to‘New’Budgeting -Alternative Business Structures -Six Principles of Devolved Leadership -Unsuitability of Budgets -Six Adaptive Processes Thoughts about costs -Another Way of Looking at Costs -Full Costing -Contribution Costing‘Contribution Significance’in Your Area -Activity Based Costing and Illustration -Cost Pools Variances from Budgets -Making Sense of Budget Variances -Investigating Variances |
想了解詳細課程資料,點擊網頁左側的在線咨詢圖標,與在線老師交流。
CFO EVA,LIFO,FIFO,do these professional terms of accounting and finance still seem like a foreign language to you?Can you eliminate the mystery behind the numbers of the financial statements?Or,how would you utilize those financial concepts to become a greater asset to your company?
As a business executive,you experience the tide of global change in ways few others do.And you know that to manage this tide,which will only intensify in the years ahead,you need a foundation that is at once timeless and flexible.Higher position means greater responsibility where understanding and talking the language of finance becomes a significant part of the job,executives at all levels need to be adequately equipped.
Finance and Accounting for the Non-Financial Manager teaches the basics of financial reports,as well as the fundamentals of business valuation and the creation of shareholder value.The course begins by describing the accounting process and the creation of financial statement,meanwhile,reveals the company’s operation and finance truth behind the data.Once knowing how to read financial statements will be invaluable throughout your career,in analyzing business opportunities,assessing financial risks,communicating your ideas to others,and dealing with the real business situations.
Breakthrough the language of finance
Understanding the basic accounting model and its limitations
Analyzing and interpreting financial statements within the context of industry analysis and macroeconomic fundamentals
Mastering forecasting techniques
Providing rigorous tools and approaches to measure the effectiveness of your expenditures
Clarifying financial statements and their relationship to strategic decisions
Communicating more effectively with financial managers and accountants
Understanding different valuation techniques and respective benchmarks
General Managers,Directors,Experienced Managers
Vice President and Top Executives in all respective
Business Managers,Department Heads&Managers
Sales&Marketing Managers
Accountants,Corporate Treasury Managers
Investment Professionals
Any staff with a non-financial background looking to learn the fundamentals of finance
Finance Fundamental | Management Application |
-Introduction to the Course -The role of the finance function -Working with the finance teams -How companies succeed on finance? -Accounting Information—The Language of Business -What is financial accounting? -Why Financial Accounting is necessary? -Some process,terminology and concepts -Learn how financial data is generated and reported -Users and interpretation of Financial Statements -Managers and Financial Statements -The concept of shareholder value -Demystifying Financial Statements -Components of Financial Reports:balance sheet and P&L -Use financial data to evaluate the performance of department,organization,or division -Understand how accountants measure income,and show how it is related to a balance sheet -Cost of goods sold -The accrual concept and timing adjustments -Financial statements:graphical balance sheet simulation -Revisit the Income Statement and Balance sheet in a financial perspective -Cash Flow Statement,Distinguishing income from cash flow -The shortcomings of accounting -Implications of Revenue Recognition -Know effects of fair value measurement on financial statement -Analysis of Financial Statement—Where do you find useful information? -Qualitative Characteristics of financial Information -Locate and use sources of information about business performance -How accounting information assists in decision making -Linking decisions to financial metrics -How to increase ROCE -Profitability ratios -Economic Value Added(EVA TM) -Financial Decision Making -Profitability,liquidity ratios -Managing working capital -Financial Leverage -Debt ratios -Measuring business risk -Cash management -Study of the Annual Report of a Listed Company -Case:analyzing and interpreting a listed company’s annual report -Accounting Creates Value -Functions of management accounting -Management accounting compared to financial accounting -How the use of cost information defines its focus and form -Break-even analysis:ensuring fixed costs are covered -The costing principles and avoiding costing traps -The difference between traditional cost management systems and activity-based cost management systems
| -Budgeting and Forecasting:A Must in Pricing Effectively for Profit.Selecting the Best Costing Method and the Relevant Practical Pricing Theory -Budgeting and Forecasting:Two sides of the same process -Understanding the different steps involved in the process -How to minimize the risks in assessing the hypothesis underlying the performance -The cost information for pricing and product planning -Cost based pricing:a value-added approach -Customers:an outside in pricing -Competitors:predict their price -How to price effectively for profit,evaluating pricing methods -Case Study -Capital Investment Decision:Cash is King! -Cash flow forecasts as a planning tool -EBITDA,free cash flows -The analysis of return of capital employed,payback period,and discounted cash flow -Establishing cash flow forecasts -Calculating Net Present Values,IRR -Company Valuation:Risk and Corporate Characteristics -The fundamental tools of investment appraisal -The cost of capital and WACC,and how these are determined -The sensitivity analysis:how sensitive are key decision to potential changes in circumstances -Approaches to valuation -Capital Markets,Investment Banking and Financial Instruments:How to Face Your Long-term Financing Issues and More? -An introduction to capital markets -Different forms of financing(long term,short term) -Debt versus Equity -Gearing and beta factors -Capital Asset Pricing Models -Tax shields -Investing in China through Mergers or Acquisitions:Financial Business Practices and Managing the Related Risks -An Overview of the M&A market in China -Understanding the valuation gap between sellers and buyers -Understanding the structuring gap by the buyer -Understanding the negotiation gap between sellers and buyers -Understanding the execution gap -Understanding the challenges of the integration gap -Taking into account the Human dimension of any merger or acquisition |
想了解最新詳細課程大綱及資料,點擊網頁左側的在線咨詢圖標,與在線老師交流咨詢領取。
保理手續費計入什么科目是會計工作中的常見問題,保理業務可以分為有追索權的保理和無追索權的保理,其相關的賬務處理是會計實務操作中必須熟練掌握的重點內容。本文就針對保理手續費計入什么科目做一個相關介紹,來跟隨會計網一同了解下吧!
保理手續費計入哪個會計科目?
答:保理手續費應當計入財務費用。
保理融資賬務處理怎么做?
一、有追索權保理的賬務處理
1、轉讓時:
借:銀行存款(按實際收到的款項)
財務費用(按辦理保理業務時繳納的手續費)
貸:短期借款
如果企業銷售的這批貨物發生了退回,則做以下會計分錄:
借:主營業務收入
財務費用
應交稅費——應交增值稅(銷項稅額)
貸:應收賬款
到期時,如果購貨商能完全支付貨款,則作以下會計分錄:
借:短期借款
貸:應收賬款
若到期銀行收不回貨款,由于銀行附有追索權,則企業就有義務償還相應的費用:
借:短期借款
貸:銀行存款
二、無追索權保理的賬務處理
1、轉讓時:
借:銀行存款(實際收到的款項)
營業外支出
其他應收款(預計將發生的銷售折扣和折讓)
壞賬準備(保理業務中應收債權已經提取的壞賬準備)
財務費用(支付的保理手續費)
貸:應收賬款
營業外收入
2、實際發生銷售的退回和折讓:
借:主營業務收入
財務費用
應交稅金——應交增值稅(銷項稅額)
貸:其他應收款
保理業務分類有哪些?
一、有追索權的保理、無追索權的保理
按照保理商是否有追索權來劃分:
有追索權的保理:具體指的是保理商不負責為債務人核定信用額度及提供壞賬擔保的義務,僅提供包括融資在內的其他業務。無論任何原因導致應收賬款不能收回,保理公司都可以對賣方行使追索權。
無追索權的保理:保理商對毫無爭議的已核準的應收賬款提供壞賬擔保,就可以稱為無追索權保理。這類保理業務很常見,優點體現在企業能夠提前獲得融資,緩解資金壓力,還能避免和減少壞賬損失。
二、明保理、暗保理
按照保理商是否將保理業務通知買方來劃分:
明保理:指的是銀行受讓國內賣方(客戶)因向另一同在國內的買方銷售品或提供服務所形成的應收賬款,,在此基礎上為賣方提供應收賬款賬戶管理和應收賬款融資等一些列綜合性金融服務。
暗保理:暗保理業務指的是債權人在不告知債務人的情況下將應收賬款轉讓,債券人是可以對受讓人進行抗辯轉讓無效的。
以上就是有關保理手續費計入什么科目的全部介紹,希望對大家有所幫助。會計網后續也會更新更多有關保理手續費的內容,請大家持續關注!
保理業務是一項中介服務,作為中間的保理商可以取得較高的服務傭金。核算保理業務時,一般分為追索權保理的賬務處理和無追索權保理的賬務處理。
保理業務如何做賬?
追索權保理的賬務處理
轉讓的時候:
借:銀行存款(按實際收到的款項)
財務費用(按辦理保理業務時繳納的手續費)
貸:短期借款
如果企業銷售的這批貨物發生了退回,則做如下分錄:
借:主營業務收入
財務費用
應交稅費—應交增值稅—銷項稅額
貸:應收賬款
到期時,如果購貨商能完全支付掉貨款,則:
借:短期借款
貸:應收賬款
若到期銀行收不回貨款,由于銀行附有追索權,則企業就有義務償還相應的費用:
借:短期借款
貸:銀行存款
無追索權保理的賬務處理
轉讓時:
借:銀行存款(實際收到的款項)
營業外支出
其他應收款(預計將發生的銷售折扣和折讓)
壞賬準備(保理業務中應收債權已經提取的壞賬準備)
財務費用(支付的保理手續費)
貸:應收賬款
營業外收入
實際發生銷售的退回和折讓:
借:主營業務收入
財務費用
應交稅費—應交增值稅—銷項稅額
貸:其他應收款
有追索權保理與無追索權保理有什么區別?
依保理商是否承擔債務人的信用風險分類,保理可分為有追索權保理(回購保理)和無追索權保理(買斷保理)。
有追索權保理:又稱非買斷保理、回購保理,指保理商不承擔為債權人提供信用風險但保義務的保理。無論應收賬款因何種原因不能收回,保理商都有權向債權人索回已付融資款項并拒付尚未收回的款項。
無追索權保理:又稱買斷保理,指保理商承擔債務人付款風險的保理。如債務人發生信用風險,保理商不能向債權人追索已發放的融資款,并應履行全部付款義務。
企業發生的應收賬款保理業務是一種低成本融資,可以加快資金周轉,也能增強銷售能力。那么應收賬款保理如何理解?有哪些分類?
應收賬款保理是什么意思?
應收賬款保理是企業將賒銷形成的未到期應收賬款在滿足一定條件的情況下,轉讓給商業銀行,以獲得銀行的流動資金支持,加快資金周轉。
應收賬款保理分類有哪些?
按照保理商是否有追索權
有追索權保理(非買斷型):供應商將債權轉讓給保理商,供應商向保理商融通貨幣資金后,如果購貨商拒絕付款或無力付款,保理商有權向供應商要求償還預付的貨幣資金,如購貨商破產或無力支付,只要有關款項到期未能收回,保理商都有權向供應商進行追索,因而保理商具有全部“追索權”。
無追索權保理(買斷型):是指保理商將銷售合同完全買斷,并承擔全部的收款風險。
按是否通知購貨商保理情況
明保理:指保理商和供應商需要將銷售合同被轉讓的情況通知購貨商,并簽訂保理商、供應商、購貨商之間的三方合同。
暗保理:指供應商為了避免讓客戶知道自己因流動資金不足而轉讓應收賬款,并不將債權轉讓情況通知客戶,貨款到期時仍由銷售商出面催款,再向銀行償還借款。
按是否提供預付賬款融資
折扣保理(融資保理):即在銷售合同到期前,保理商將剩余未收款部分先預付給銷售商,一般不超過全部合同額的70%~90%。
到期保理:指保理商并不提供預付賬款融資,而是在賒銷到期時才支付,屆時不管貨款是否收到,保理商都必須向銷售商支付貨款。
應收賬款保理業務流程有哪些?
應收賬款保理業務流程如下:
1、賣方企業與保理商簽訂保理協議,一般賣方需要將通過賒銷而產生的合格應收賬款出售給保理商。
2、簽訂協議后,對于無追索權保理,保理商首先要對賣方企業的客戶。
3、進行資信評價,并對該客戶核定一個信用額度,在這一信用額度內的應收賬款成為"核準的"應收賬款。
4、對這部分應收賬款,當賣方企業的客戶無能力付款時,保理商對賣方沒有追索權。
5、付款時,保理商將向賣方追索,收回向其提供的融資。
在ACCA考試中,F9階段的 “Financefor SMEs 中小企業融資”一直都是考生們最容易混淆的考點之一,為了是大家進一步理解,會計網整合了相關知識點進行詳解,希望有所幫助。
Owner financing. 比如小豬佩奇想要開一個麻辣香鍋,最直接的融資方式就是他自己掏錢,如果不夠,找親戚大豬佩奇借錢。
Overdraft. 同學們要了解所有的liability都是企業的融資,包括overdraft,payable,bankloan等,所以小豬佩奇可以辦理很多信用卡,因為每個信用卡都有透支額度,這樣就可以利用透支額度來融資。但是注意overdraft一般融資期只有一個月,所以最好不要逾期,否則overdraft的利息是非常高的。
Bank loan. 如果可以,就找銀行借款。但是這個對于一個麻辣香鍋店似乎有點困難。因為抵押物比較少。
Payable. 拖欠供應商的錢,欠錢就是賺錢。小豬佩奇買麻辣香鍋店的盤子、椅子、菜品都不立即付錢,可以和供應商協商一個payable period,過段時間有錢了再付。不過也比較難,畢竟我們一般買菜都是去菜市場或者超市,不付錢?
Business angel financing. 找天使投資。如果小豬佩奇的麻辣香鍋店有很好的business strategy,戰略比較好,或者business model非常新穎,像mobike等共享單車一樣,那么就很有可能吸引天使投資人的注意。比如新東方的俞敏洪等都是著名的Angel。
VC. 找風險投資。這個一般適用于企業是中型企業。比如高頓財經,那么可以找Venture capital。國內的紅杉資本、阿里巴巴等等都是著名的VC。但是找VC是有風險的,很多VC都是大額注入資金,但是對于manager有很多限制。比如要求小豬佩奇三年內要把麻辣香鍋做上市,否則就低價收購90%以上小豬佩奇在麻辣香鍋的股權。那么小豬佩奇這三年會趕腳亞歷山大。因為如果不能做上市,相當于自己辛辛苦苦生的孩子送給了別人。
Leasing. 如果沒有錢,可以租椅子,租桌子,租店面operating leasing和financing leasing任您挑選。
Factor. 找保理公司。也就是把應收賬款賣掉,比如現在小豬佩奇店里面有30個客戶一共欠款50000元,那么可以讓保理公司幫忙收款,這時候保理公司會收一筆高額的factor fee(所以,一個小規模的麻辣香鍋店,找保理?還是算了吧;而且因為客戶都是散戶居多,不是公司,所以factor也未必幫小豬佩奇收款)
P2P. 國內今年來創新的peer to peer是一種非常好的幫助中小企業解決融資難問題的business model.比如什么什么財富管理公司、微粒貸、拍拍貸(插播廣告一條,拍拍貸目前美國上市公司,老大曾是高頓學員)。這種P2P可以翻譯為眾籌。就是每一個人有錢了就把錢放進拍拍貸,金額可大可小(有去銀行買過理財的同學會知道,理財一般是有認購的初始額度要求的,比如5萬,10萬的;但是同學們手中可能只有200,也想賺點利息,又嫌棄余額寶給的利息少,怎么辦呢?可以放進拍拍貸)。拍拍貸后面會把錢借給中小企業SMEs,讓后中小企業還錢給拍拍貸,拍拍貸再把利息支付給大眾。看上去很簡單,和商業銀行的business model一樣,就是賺取存貸款利息差。但是需要這些財富管理公司對于中小企業的還款能力有一個很好的評估,否則就是龐氏騙局。
來源:ACCA學習幫
時光匆匆,距離cma四月份的考試還有一個多月的時間,考生正在緊張的備考當中,會計網為了讓大家節約時間,總結了經營活動現金流和應收賬款壞賬處理方法的知識點。
納入經營性現金流的活動有哪些?
1、經營活動產生的現金流:是指與正常業務活動相關的現金流量,包括:收取客戶的現金;利息的收支;股息的收入。
2、投資活動產生的現金流:是指與長期資產賬戶相關的現金,包括:出售不動產、廠房、設備和證券收到的現金,購買不動產、廠房、設備和證券支付的現金。
3、籌資活動產生的現金流:是指與負債和權益賬戶相關的現金,包括:取得借款或發行股票所獲得的現金流入,以及償還借款和向股東發放股利產生的現金流出。
應收賬款壞賬確認的方法
1、直癀注銷法:在壞賬實際發生的時候,直接在應收賬款余額中剔除對應金額即可。
優點:簡單可靠
缺點:不符合配比原則,除非金額極小,不然不能使用
2、備抵法:在賒銷發生的時候根據歷史經驗預估壞賬率,預提壞賬費用在損益表上扣除。
優點:1滿足配比原側2在資產負債表上報告了應收賬款的可實現凈值
缺點:會計處理相對復雜,壞賬比例的確定一定程度上具有主觀性
應收賬款出售的兩種形式定義說明
應收賬款出售又稱為應收賬款保理,分為有追索權的應收賬款出售和無追索權的應收賬款出售。
有追索權的應收賬款出售:屬于表外融資,出售方在債務人違約的情況下需要向收購方支付相應的款項
無追索權的應收賬款出售:出售方不再承擔任何收賬風險和信貸損失。
在票據交易中,選擇追索權是一個非常重要的環節。追索權是票據持有人在票據到期后,向承兌人、付款人或者其他承擔票據責任的人請求償還票據金額的權利。選擇追索權的不同,將直接影響到票據交易的成敗和各方的利益。本文將從付受匯票、雙重性質賬戶、單位決算、最優質量成本、財務安全、約定禁止背書、提示付款待簽收、大財務、票據特征等方面進行邏輯分析,探討選擇追索權的重要性和注意事項。
一、付受匯票
付受匯票是指持票人向付款人發出的要求支付一定金額的書面指令。付受匯票的發出,意味著持票人對付款人有一定的信任,相信付款人會在規定的時間內履行付款義務。然而,這種信任并不是絕對的,一旦付款人未能按時履行付款義務,持票人就需要通過選擇追索權來維護自己的權益。
二、雙重性質賬戶
雙重性質賬戶是指在票據交易過程中,涉及到的兩個或多個賬戶具有相互關聯的性質。這些賬戶可以是承兌人、付款人或其他承擔票據責任的人的賬戶。在選擇追索權時,需要考慮這些賬戶之間的關系,以確保選擇的追索權能夠有效地維護持票人的權益。
三、單位決算
單位決算是指企業在會計年度結束時,對本單位的財務狀況、經營成果和現金流量等方面進行全面、系統的總結和報告。在選擇追索權時,需要參考單位決算的數據,以便更準確地判斷付款人的信用狀況和償債能力。
四、最優質量成本
最優質量成本是指在保證產品質量的前提下,實現最低成本的生產方式。在選擇追索權時,可以借鑒最優質量成本的理念,尋求在維護持票人權益的同時,降低追索費用和時間成本。
五、財務安全
財務安全是指在財務管理過程中,確保企業資產安全、經營穩定和償債能力的一種狀態。在選擇追索權時,需要充分考慮財務安全的因素,避免因為追索權的行使而導致企業陷入財務危機。
六、約定禁止背書
約定禁止背書是指在票據上明確約定禁止將票據權利轉讓給他人的一種條款。在選擇追索權時,需要遵守這一約定,以免觸犯法律,導致票據無效。
七、提示付款待簽收
提示付款待簽收是指在票據到期后,持票人向付款人發出提示付款的通知,要求付款人在規定的時間內簽收。在選擇追索權時,可以根據提示付款待簽收的情況,判斷付款人的信用狀況和償債意愿。
八、大財務
大財務是指在企業財務管理中,對各個財務環節進行全面、系統、協調的管理。在選擇追索權時,可以借鑒大財務的理念和方法,確保追索權的行使能夠有效地維護持票人的權益。
九、票據特征
票據特征是指票據作為一種信用工具所具有的獨特性質。在選擇追索權時,需要充分了解票據的特征,以便更好地把握追索權的運用時機和方式。
綜上所述,選擇追索權是票據交易中的一個重要環節。在實際運作中,需要充分考慮各種因素,確保選擇的追索權能夠有效地維護持票人的權益。同時,還需要關注票據的其他特性,如雙重性質賬戶、單位決算等,以便更全面地把握票據交易的風險和機遇。
根據相關規定可知,我國的票據權利可分為付款請求權和追索權,這兩者雖然體現在同一張票據上,但各不相同。
什么是付款請求權?
是指持票人向匯票的承兌人、本票的出票人、支票的付款人出示票據要求付款的權利,是第一順序權利,又稱上要票據權利。行使付款請求權的持票人可以是票據記載的收款人或最后被背書人;擔負付款請求權付款義務的主要是主債務人。
什么是追索權?
即指匯票到期被拒絕付款或其他法定原因出現時,持票人獲得請求其前手償還匯票金額及有關損失和費用的權利。
付款請求權和追索權的區別
1、權利主體不同。行使追索權的主體既可以是票據權利人,也可以是履行了清償義務的被追索人,而行使付款請求權的主體只能是最后持票人。
2、行使對象不同。付款請求權的行使對象只能是票據上的付款人,而追索權的行使對象則包括除付款人之外的其他所有票據債務人,追索權人可自由地向票據上的出票人、背書人、保證人等行使追索權。
3、權利行使的時間不同,追索權既可以在票據到期之前行使,也可以在票據到期之后行使,而付款請求權只能在票據到期后才能行使。
4、行使的次序不同。持票人必須首先行使付款請求權,所以付款請求權被稱為第一票據權利。持票人行使付款請求權有兩個結果,一是付款人履行了付款義務,持票人付款請求權二道滿足,票據關系消滅,無從發生追索權。二是持票人付款請求權無法實現或有無法實現之虞,則可行使追索權,因此追索權是第二次票據權利。
5、行使條件不同。付款請求權是無條件的票據權利。而追索權的行使則是有條件的,持票人必須在法定條件發生時方可行使。
6、行使次數不同。付款請求權行使一次得到滿足后,即行消滅。而追索權則可以多次行使,持票人行使追索權時,在獲得被追索人的清償后,追索權并未消滅,而是移轉給被追索人,由被追索人再向其前手行使追索權。
7、支付金額不同。付款請求權請求支付的金額為票據金額,而追索權請求支付的金額除了票面金額之外,還包括利息,以及取得有關拒絕證明等有關費用。
8、根據我國票據法的規定,付款請求權的消滅時效一般為兩年,而追索權的消滅時效一般為6個月,再追索權的消滅時效一般為三個月。
有追索權保理會計分錄,涉及哪些會計處理?追索權保理指的是保理商僅僅提供包括融資在內的其他服務,有追索權保理又可劃分為公開型及隱蔽性。接下來就跟著會計網小編一起來看看有追索權保理的會計分錄吧!據說聰明的會計都收藏了!
有追索權保理會計分錄,涉及哪些會計處理?
1、保理額度的核準與批復,其會計處理如下所示:
收:未履行貸款承諾
2、保理融資放款,其會計處理具體如下:
付:未履行貸款承諾
收:已履行貸款承諾
借:國際(國內)保理融資
貸:單位活期存款
3、保理融資發放期間結轉應收利息,會計分錄具體如下:
借:其他應收利息
貸:保理融資利息收入
4、應收賬款轉讓的會計處理:
收:應收國際(國內)保理款項
5、應收賬款回購涉及的會計分錄:
借:單位活期存款
貸:國際(內)保理融資
保理融資利息收入
其他中間業務收入
付:應收國際(國內)保理款項
付:已履行貸款承諾
收:未履行貸款承諾
6、應收賬款付款相關會計分錄如下所示:
借:存放總行備付金等
貸:國際(國內)保理融資
其他應收利息
保理融資利息收入
其他中間業務收入
單位活期存款
付:應收國際(國內)保理款項
付:已履行貸款承諾
收:未履行貸款承諾
有追索權保理介紹
有追索權保理指的是供應商將債券轉讓給保理商的情況下,供應商向保理商融通貨幣資金之后,假設購貨商拒絕付款或者無力付款的,對于保理商而言,都有權利向供應商提出償還預付貨幣資金這一要求。假設購貨商是破產或者無力支付的,若是有關款項到期還未能收回,那么保理商都有權利向供應商進行追索。也就是有追索權保理對于保理商是比較有利的。
有追索權保理可以劃分為公開型及隱蔽型。公開型指的是保理商將債券轉讓事實在其為債權人提供保理款之前,就已經通知到債務人。而隱蔽型指的是保理商在發放保理款之前,暫時沒有債券轉讓事實通知到債務人。但不管哪種原因導致應收賬款不能收回,對于保理公司而言,均可對賣方行使相應的追索權。
直接融資和間接融資都是在企業融資過程中的融資方式,直接融資和間接融資是一種相對概念,直接融資的對稱是間接融資,那么兩者相比哪個風險較大呢?
直接融資和間接融資的風險
在直接融資中,融資風險由債權人獨自承擔,風險較大,而在間接融資中,由于金融機構的資產和負債是多元化的,融資風險可以通過多元化的資產和負債結構來承擔,因此間接融資的風險較低,安全性較高。
直接融資和間接融資的優缺點
直接融資的優點
1、資金供求關系密切,有利于資金快速合理配置,提高使用效率。
2、融資成本低,投資收益大。
直接融資的缺點
1、直接融資方在資金數量、期限和利率方面受到許多限制。
2、直接融資使用的金融工具流動性弱于間接融資,變現能力較低。
3、直接融資風險較大。
間接融資的優點
1、銀行等金融機構網點多,存款起點低。可以從社會各個方面廣泛籌集閑置資金,積累并形成巨額資金。
2、在直接融資中,融資風險由債權人獨自承擔,而在間接融資中,由于金融機構的資產和負債是多元化的,融資風險可以通過多元化的資產和負債結構來承擔,因此安全性較高。
3、降低融資成本。由于金融機構的出現是專業分工與合作的結果,它有專門知識來了解和掌握借款人的相關信息,不需要每次資本盈余來收集資本赤字的相關信息,從而降低整個社會的融資成本。
4、有助于解決信息不對稱導致的逆向選擇和道德風險問題。
間接融資的缺點
因為金融機構是資金供求雙方之間的中介機構,這就分離了資金供需雙方的直接聯系,在一定程度上降低了投資者對投資對象經營狀況的關注,降低了集資者對資金使用的壓力。