2021年ACCA6月考季即將要開始了，從歷年考情，Bad debt&Doubtful debt是大家經常會有問題的一個知識點，對此會計網通過幾道經典的例題來為大家詳解該知識考點。

　　01、What is Bad debt&Doubtful debt

　　1. Dad debt：

　　If a debt is definitely irrecoverable it should be written off to statement of profit or loss as a bad debt.

　　對應收賬款影響：減少Trade receivable balance

　　2.Doubtful debt：

　　If a debt is possibly irrecoverable an allowance for the potential irrecoverability of that debt should be made.

　　分類：

　　1)Specific allowance：

　　針對某個特定客戶的壞賬準備(Particular/named individual customer)。

　　2)General allowance=(Trade receivable balance - Bad debt - Specific allowance)*n%

　　公司跟據以往經驗確定一個Trade receivable減去Bad debt和Specific allowance后可能發生壞賬的百分比。

　　對應收賬款影響：不減少Trade receivable balance

　　02、Initial recognition

　　1.Bad debt：

　　Dr Receivable expense(SPL)

　　Cr Trade receivables(SOFP)

　　2. Specific allowance&General allowance

　　Dr Receivable expense(SPL)

　　Cr Allowance for receivables(SOFP)

　　03、Subsequent change in bad debt and doubtful debt

　　1.Initial bad debt->Subsequent recovered(壞賬收回)

　　直接記錄收到了現金，抵消過去記錄的壞賬費用，不影響Trade receivable：

　　Dr Cash

　　Cr Receivable expense

　　2.Initial specific debt->Subsequent recovered(壞賬準備收回)

　　1)第一步：抵消過去記錄的壞賬準備：

　　Dr Allowance for receivables

　　Cr Receivable expense

　　2)第二步：記錄我們收到的現金：

　　Dr Cash

　　Cr Trade receivables

　　3. Initial specific debt->Subsequent go bad(壞賬準備變成壞賬)

　　因為壞賬準備和壞賬都是Receivable expense且壞賬準備變成壞賬時金額沒有發生改變，所以壞賬準備變成壞賬不影響Receivable expense，也不影響Profit：

　　Dr Allowance for receivables

　　Cr Trade receivables

　　04、Receivable expense的計算

　　Receivable expense = Bad debt + Movement in allowance

　　= Bad debt + (Closing allowance - Opening allowance)

　　05、例題

　　At 30 June 20X4 a company's allowance for receivables was $39,000. At 30 June 20X5 trade receivables totaled $517,000. It was decided to write off debts totaling $37,000. The allowance for receivables was to be adjusted to the equivalent of 5 per cent of the trade receivables.

　　What figure should appear in the statement of profit or loss for these items?

　　A. $61,000

　　B. $22,000

　　C. $24,000

　　D. $23,850

　　分析：題目讓求在利潤表中記錄的壞賬和壞賬準備的費用的金額，也就是求計入利潤表的Receivable expense。

　　Step1：

　　Receivable expense = Bad debt + Movement in allowance

　　= Bad debt + (Closing allowance - Opening allowance)

　　Step2：

　　Bad debt題目信息直接給了=37000

　　Step3：

　　Movement in allowance = Closing allowance - Opening allowance

　　= (517000-37000)*5% - 39000 = -15000

　　Step4：

　　Receivable expense = Bad debt + Movement in allowance = 37000-15000 = 22000

　　所以這道題答案選擇B。

　　以上就是我們壞賬和壞賬準備的內容，重點需要大家掌握的就是：

　　1、 Allowance的計算

　　2、Receivable expense的計算

　　3、壞賬收回，壞賬準備變壞賬，壞賬準備收回的會計處理

       來源：ACCA學習幫